רמב"ם יד החזקה הלכות מאכלות אסורות יש בכללן שמונה ועשרים מצות ארבע מצות עשה וארבע ועשרים מצות לא תעשה ספר ויקרא פרק יא רש"י על ויקרא פרק יא פסוק מז
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1 - הלכות מאכלות אסורות הקדמה הלכות מאכלות אסורות יש בכללן שמונה ועשרים מצות ארבע מצות עשה וארבע ועשרים מצות לא תעשה לא תעשה 24 מצות עשה 4 I don t need to really know these holochas: I buy prepared foods Eat at Kosher restaurants Rely on good Hechshrim So these Halachos aren t really applicable to me Rashi: Obligation to know the details: :מו) ז את תּוֹר ת ה בּ ה מ ה ו ה עוֹף ו כ ל נ פ שׁ ה ח יּ ה ה ר מ שׂ ת בּ מּ י ם וּל כ ל נ פ שׁ ה שּׁ ר צ ת ע ל ה אָר ץ :מז) ל ה ב דּ יל בּ ין ה טּ מ א וּב ין ה טּ ה ר וּב ין ה ח יּ ה ה נּ א כ ל ת וּב ין ה ח יּ ה א שׁ ר ל א ת אָכ ל רש"י על ויקרא פרק יא פסוק מז מז) להבדיל - לא בלבד השונה אלא שתהא יודע ומכיר ובקי בהן Knowing the details of what is kosher and what isn t Types of animals Knowing Schecitah - הלכות מאכלות אסורות פרק א א) מצות עשה לידע הסימנין שמבדילין בהן בין בהמה וחיה ועוף ודגים וחגבים שמותר לאכלן ובין שאין מותר לאכלן שנאמר והבדלתם בין הבהמה הטהורה לטמאה ובין העוף הטמא לטהור ונאמר להבדיל בין הטמא ובין הטהור ובין החיה הנאכלת ובין החיה אשר לא תאכל :ג) כּ ל מ פ ר ס ת פּ ר ס ה ו שׁ ס ע ת שׁ ס ע פּ ר ס ת מ ע ל ת גּ ר ה בּ בּ ה מ ה א ת הּ תּ אכ לוּ בהמה טהורה Page 1
2 Split hooves מ פ ר ס ת פּ ר ס ה Hooves of a horse: Split hooves of a deer Chews cud מ ע ל ת גּ ר ה Ruminants have a fore-stomach with four chambers. These are the rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum. In the first two chambers, the rumen and the reticulum, the food is mixed with saliva and separates into layers of solid and liquid material. Solids clump together to form the cud (or bolus). The cud is then regurgitated, chewed slowly to completely mix it with saliva and to break down the particle size. Proof to Torah from Shamayim רמב"ן על ויקרא פרק יא פסוק ב ב ( מכל הבהמה אשר על הארץ פשוטו מכל הבהמה אשר על פני כל הארץ, כטעם מכל אשר בעולם ומדרשו (תו"כ פרשה ב ו) ( :מפני שיש חיות בים ואין תורתן בסימנין הללו אלא כדגים, לפיכך אמר אשר על הארץ, להוציא מה שבים Of the 1.5 million species on the planet Page 2
3 תלמוד בבלי מסכת חולין דף נט /א Only these four will have only one Siman ה גּ מ ל ה שּׁ פ ן ה אַר נ ב ת ה ח ז יר Malbim- the Torah risked its credibility דתני דבי ר' ישמעאל ואת הגמל כי מעלה גרה הוא שליט בעולמו יודע שאין לך דבר מעלה גרה וטמא אלא גמל לפיכך פרט בו הכתוב הוא ואמר ג) כּ ל מ פ ר ס ת פּ ר ס ה ו שׁ ס ע ת שׁ ס ע פּ ר ס ת מ ע ל ת גּ ר ה בּ בּ ה מ ה א ת הּ תּ אכ לוּ Listing of Forbidden foods: - Forbidden Animals בהמה טמאה 1. לא תעשה מצות עשה בּ ה מ ה 3 types of Kosher Cow, sheep, goat ספר דברים פרק יד ד) ז את ה בּ ה מ ה א שׁ ר תּ אכ לוּ שׁוֹר שׂ ה כ שׂ ב ים ו שׂ ה ע זּ ים חיה 7 types of Kosher Deer, bison, gazelle, antelope, ibex, addax, giraffe ספר דברים פרק יד :ה) אַיּ ל וּצ ב י ו י ח מוּר ו אַקּוֹ ו ד ישׁ ן וּת אוֹ ו ז מ ר :יג) ו א ת א לּ ה תּ שׁ קּ צוּ מ ן ה עוֹף ל א י אָכ לוּ שׁ ק ץ ה ם א ת ה נּ שׁ ר ו א ת ה פּ ר ס ו א ת ה ע ז נ יּ ה - Forbidden Birds עוף טמא 2. Page 3
4 No Simanim of Kosher birds The Torah lists 24 types of birds that are forbidden We only eat those that have a mesorah to be amongst the permitted ones. The following birds have a mesorah of being kosher: 1. Chicken 2. Turkey 3. Duck 4. Goose 5. Dove 3. Kosher Fish Fins and Scales The Torah gives us the two signs of a kosher fish: ספר ויקרא פרק יא :ט) א ת ז ה תּ אכ לוּ מ כּ ל א שׁ ר בּ מּ י ם כּ ל א שׁ ר לוֹ ס נ פּ יר ו ק שׂ ק שׂ ת בּ מּ י ם בּ יּ מּ ים וּב נּ ח ל ים א ת ם תּ אכ לוּ רמב"ן על ויקרא פרק יא פסוק ט והם הקליפין העגולים שגלדן דומה לצפורן, שהם נפשטין מעור הדג ביד או בסכין Page 4
5 - הלכות מאכלות אסורות פרק א כד ( ובדגים שני סימנין סנפיר וקשקשת וסנפיר הוא שפורח בו וקשקשת היא הדבוקה בכל גופו וכל שיש לו קשקשת יש לו ( סנפיר Removable scales and fins. Any fish that has scales also has fins. So, one is only obligated to check for scales. If the fish has scales one may eat it..שרץ המים Any seafood that does not have scales is in the category of Included in this would be Crabs, Oyster, Snails, Shrimps. ספר דברים פרק יד כא) ל א ת אכ לוּ כ ל נ ב ל ה Non Schechted Animal or bird נ ב ל ה 4. - הלכות מאכלות אסורות פרק ד א) האוכל כזית מבשר בהמה שמתה או חיה שמתה או עוף שמת לוקה שנאמר לא תאכלו כל נבלה וכל שלא נשחטה כראוי הרי זו מתה מטמא to eat and it is אסור it is ;נבילה of a דין The Treifah Mortally wounded ט ר פ ה 5. Torn ט ר פ ה ספר שמות פרק כב ל) ו אַנ שׁ י ק ד שׁ תּ ה יוּן ל י וּב שׂ ר בּ שּׂ ד ה ט ר פ ה ל א ת אכ לוּ ל כּ ל ב תּ שׁ ל כוּן א תוֹ - הלכות מאכלות אסורות פרק ד ו) האוכל כזית מבשר בהמה או חיה או עוף טהורים שנטרפו לוקה שנאמר ובשר בשדה טרפה לא תאכלו לכלב תשליכון אותו טרפה האמורה בתורה זו שטרפה אותה חית היער כגון ארי ונמר וכיוצא בהן וכן עוף שטרף אותו עוף הדורס כגון נץ וכיוצא בו ואין אתה יכול לומר שטרפה אותה והמיתה אותה שאם מתה הרי היא נבלה ומה לי מתה מחמת עצמה או הכה בסייף והמיתה או שברה ארי והמיתה הא אינו מדבר אלא בשנטרפה ולא מתה Page 5
6 Definition: נבילה The meat of an animal not properly slaughtered is a נבילה (neveila). ט ר פ ה ט ר פ ה The meat of an animal that would have died from a wound or injury, even if it was slaughtered properly, is a Treifa בדיקה - Treifah Inspecting for If the animal suffered an internal defect, such as a rip, puncture, or broken bone, or if the animal was suffering from an illness or defect that was terminal, had the animal not been Shecthed), the animal is a treifa. The Mishna in Chulin lists 24 types of injuries that render an animal a Treifa. The majority of animals do not suffer from diseases or injuries. In countries where specific diseases are common in fowl or cattle that organs that may be affected must be examined. The internal examination makes sure that the internal organs are free from any holes, punctures, defects, or disease that would render the animal a Triefa. Since the lungs of all animals are commonly affected by defects that may render them a Treifa, it is necessary to examine the lungs. This examination consists of both inspecting while the lungs are inside the animal as well as removing the lungs and again inspecting for a defect. In the United States the lungs are fowl are not prone to defects and do not require an examination. However it is customary in the US to examine the intestine of fowl. Glatt Kosher - Pizza During the internal examination, it is common to find adhesions on the animal's lung. An adhesion is an abnormal condition in which body tissues are united by fibrous tissues. These adhesions may be indicative of a puncture in the lung wall underneath the adhesion. A puncture of the lung would classify an animal as a treifa. At times, the adhesion on the lung is not hiding a puncture. This can be determined through careful, skillful removal of the adhesion. Once the adhesion is removed, the lung can be tested by blowing it up with air and submerging the lung underwater. If air bubbles appear in the water, it is an indication that the lung has been punctured and the animal is treifa. If the submerged lung is airtight, the animal is kosher, but not glatt kosher. Generally speaking, it was the custom of the Ashkenazi Jews, Jews of European descent, to eat glatt and nonglatt meats, and accept both as kosher. Certain Sephardic communities required an animal to be glatt in order to be considered kosher. This procedure is only used on a Behaima Gassa, a large animal, ie cow or Bison. On fowls the process isn t used. The term Glatt has come to be used to refer to a better level of supervision, and therefore has even found itself on products that it can t possibly apply to, as in Chicken, or even comically on dairy products. Page 6
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